Founded In Wisconsin - Trust Point Investment of La Crosse
- greenwoodphilip
- May 23
- 12 min read

In the early 1900s, La Crosse, Wisconsin, faced a shortage of nearby financial services, leading six local bankers to establish the La Crosse Trust Company on June 30, 1913. By its 100th anniversary, the company, now known as Trust Point, continued to be privately owned by the founding families.
Why Trust Point Was Founded — and Its Initial Market and Product Offering
In the early 1900s, La Crosse, Wisconsin, lacked a local trust company, necessitating residents to rely on distant financial institutions. To address this gap, local banking professionals founded the La Crosse Trust Company, with a focus on local asset management and estate settlement. This initiative served individuals and businesses with substantial assets as La Crosse evolved from a lumber-based to a manufacturing economy. The company commenced operations with a small team and $50,000 in capital, prioritizing relationship-building over mass-market operations.
Initially, the firm provided Trust and Estate Administration services, acting as a trustee for beneficiaries and assisting in estate settlements. The founders emphasized a fiduciary philosophy, aligning client interests with the company's success. This approach facilitated the firm's expansion into retirement plans, tax planning, and investment management by the 1950s, enhancing its regional reputation.
Evolution and Resilience: The Legacy of La Crosse Trust Company
La Crosse Trust Company, founded in 1913, emerged as a leader in trust and estate administration within the La Crosse region, serving the area's wealth derived from logging, manufacturing, and agriculture. As the business expanded, the company ventured into retirement and profit-sharing plan administration, tax planning, and investment management, establishing itself as a comprehensive wealth advisor. A significant milestone occurred during the Great Depression in 1933, when the company remained operational during the bank holiday, reinforcing its reputation for stability and dedication to clients. The postwar economic boom further broadened its client base and service offerings. During the 1970s and 1980s, La Crosse Trust adapted to regulatory changes by enhancing its retirement planning services. By the 1980s, the company's assets surpassed $100 million, driven by a strong emphasis on client relationships. Ownership remained concentrated, ensuring stability and continuity, thereby shielding the firm from the pressures faced by publicly traded companies.
Trust Point Inc.: A Century of Growth, Leadership, and Community Engagement
As the 1990s came to a close and the new millennium began, La Crosse Trust achieved a significant milestone by surpassing $1 billion in assets under management. This accomplishment highlighted years of disciplined management and the compounding power of returns for its loyal, high-net-worth clients, positioning the firm among the leading independent trust companies in the upper Midwest. To better reflect its comprehensive services, including investment management, retirement planning, and trust administration, the company rebranded as Trust Point Inc., emphasizing its role as a trusted wealth steward while preserving its institutional heritage. In 2001, Kent Handel assumed the roles of President and CEO, leading the company through transformational growth and geographic expansion over the next two decades, drawing on his strong academic background in business and banking.
Originally established in 1913 at 311 Main Street, Trust Point relocated its headquarters to 230 North Front Street in La Crosse to accommodate its growth in staff, technology, and operations. This move marked a significant evolution from its founding six-member team. In the same year, Trust Point expanded into the Twin Cities market by opening an office in Minneapolis, extending its reach to high-net-worth clients. By its 100th anniversary in 2013, the Minneapolis office had grown to approximately 10 employees, complementing the 50 at the La Crosse headquarters. In 2008, Trust Point was honored with the Association of Fundraising Professionals President's Award, highlighting its dedication to philanthropy and community engagement as core professional values.
Trust Point's Strategic Alignment with the Hambrick & Fredrickson Strategy Diamond
The Hambrick & Fredrickson Strategy Diamond underscores the necessity of a comprehensive strategy by addressing five critical questions: where to compete, how to reach these markets, what factors will ensure success, the sequence of strategic actions, and how returns are generated. Trust Point adheres to this model by clearly defining its competitive arenas, targeting high-net-worth individuals, and providing services such as investment management and financial planning. The firm emphasizes organic growth, acquisitions, and internal ventures like Emerj360, while deliberately avoiding joint ventures and maintaining its status as a privately held entity to ensure stability and independence.
The firm has strategically broadened its service offerings and geographic reach, including the establishment of a Minneapolis office and the launch of digital initiatives, while maintaining a robust foundation. Its economic strategy focuses on fee-based advisory revenue, aligning incentives with client success, and prioritizing long-term client retention. Operational efficiency and technological advancements have facilitated growth to nearly $2.7 billion in assets by 2013, benefiting its select group of shareholders.
Trust Point's Impregnable Resource System: A VRIO Framework Analysis
Jay Barney's VRIO framework highlights that a resource or capability must be Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, and Organized to deliver a competitive advantage. Trust Point's advantage is derived not from a single resource but from a collection of mutually reinforcing resources. Although its fiduciary structure alone can be imitated, when integrated with 113 years of fiduciary conduct, founding-family ownership, a supportive culture, strong community ties, and multigenerational client relationships, it creates an impregnable system. This system exemplifies Barney's concept of a "resource system," where competitive advantage emerges from the interaction of multiple resources, ensuring Trust Point's sustained advantage over time.
Trust Point's Unstoppable Growth: The Power of the Flywheel Effect
Jim Collins describes the flywheel effect as a cycle of consistent actions that individually seem minor but together create unstoppable momentum. Trust Point's core loop, which has been turning for 113 years, is their commitment to the fiduciary standard, ensuring unbiased financial advice and building trust by avoiding conflicts of interest. This client-first philosophy has driven their long-term success, focusing on relationship-based services like trust administration and estate planning. This approach fosters deep client loyalty, facilitating wealth transitions across generations and generating referrals, reducing client acquisition costs. Trust Point's assets under management grew from $100 million in the 1980s to nearly $2.7 billion by 2013, fueled by referral-driven growth and client retention. This growth supports talent acquisition and service innovations, enhancing efficiency and allowing community reinvestment. Strategic investment in social capital and talent development strengthens brand trust, with staff active in community organizations and recognized as a 'Best Place to Work.'
As Wisconsin's oldest and largest independent trust company, Trust Point's institutional reputation serves as its most enduring asset, drawing in new clients inclined to trust and fostering long-term relationships. Collins' flywheel concept demonstrates that while initial efforts may be slow, they gradually build momentum over time. Trust Point's early years exemplified this approach, with the gradual cultivation of relationships and modest growth in assets under management (AUM). As referred clients became long-term clients who subsequently referred others, momentum increased, resulting in significant growth. The strategic strength of Trust Point's flywheel lies in its self-sustaining nature, effectively withstanding competitive challenges. This resilience has enabled Trust Point to maintain its independence for over a century, even as many of its peers have not survived. Once the flywheel gains momentum, it becomes difficult to halt.
Trust Point's Strategic Position: Leveraging Counter-Positioning and Unique Resources for Resilient Growth
Trust Point, with projected revenues of $34.6 million and a workforce of 105 employees by 2025, clearly defines its strategic positioning: sufficiently large to effectively serve clients while remaining small enough to understand their specific needs. This approach aligns with the Seven Powers framework, which identifies structural forces that enable durable positions and yield differential returns. Trust Point exemplifies counter-positioning by employing a fiduciary model that larger incumbents cannot replicate without incurring revenue losses, as it avoids commissions and aligns fees with portfolio growth.
Significant switching costs arise from legal, informational, and multigenerational factors, making client transitions expensive. Its 113-year history and founding-family ownership serve as unique resources that foster trust and reduce acquisition costs. While process power and community engagement are present, they are not fully maximized. The brand holds regional power as the leading investment firm in La Crosse County, although it lacks national reach. The firm's relationship-intensive model results in limited scale economies and minimal network effects, with potential for development through digital platforms.
Trust Point's power architecture is crucial, with strong powers in counter-positioning, switching costs, and cornered resources. These strengths are well-suited to a fiduciary wealth management firm and resist competitive erosion. Moderate strengths in process and brand enhance its regional market presence. The limited scale economies and weak network effects reflect a strategic decision to maintain a high-touch boutique model, thereby preserving its strongest defenses. Trust Point's three strong powers create a resilient position, more effective than having weaker expressions of all seven powers.
Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in the Wealth Management Landscape
Trust Point operates at the intersection of the U.S. wealth management industry and the independent trust company segment, navigating a landscape characterized by intense competition, fee compression, and the Great Wealth Transfer. The wealth management sector is both fragmented and consolidating, with private equity-backed aggregators intensifying competition. Trust Point leverages its fiduciary independence and multigenerational relationships to remain competitive, while also addressing challenges from fintech and AI-enhanced tools. Although entry barriers are low, trust and reputation are vital. Despite the emergence of robo-advisors, Trust Point's core services, such as trust administration, remain unparalleled. Fee compression and buyer power exert pressure on firms, yet Trust Point's transparent fee model and strong employer brand provide resilience. Strategic initiatives like Emerj360 and HerPoint are designed to engage younger generations, while the independent trust charter and robust talent acquisition enhance its competitive position.
Trust Point's Strategic Landscape and Recommendations
Trust Point's strategic positioning underscores its strengths in unique resources, switching costs, and multigenerational relationships, while acknowledging challenges in generational wealth transitions. The primary risk lies in inaction during these transitions. To address this, a Next Generation Client Transition Program is recommended to actively engage heirs. Acquisition efforts should concentrate on firms possessing a state trust company charter. Talent acquisition is vital, necessitating partnerships with universities and succession planning to develop a robust talent pipeline.
Ownership and succession challenges require a formal review to effectively integrate the next generation. Community engagement should focus on transforming social capital into client relationships. Although AI technology poses a threat, leveraging AI as an amplifier can enhance productivity. Emerj360's lack of network effects can be mitigated by incorporating community elements. The Great Wealth Transfer presents a significant opportunity; a 10-year strategy should be developed to capitalize on this.
Sources:
Category 1: Trust Point Corporate Sources
[1] Trust Point Inc.. (2021). Trust Point expands services with launch of Emerj360. Trust Point Inc. Press Release. https://trustpointinc.com/trust-point-expands-services-with-launch-of-emerj360/ (accessed May 2026)
[2] Trust Point Inc.. (2025). Trust Point launches HerPoint: a new community for women and wealth. Trust Point Inc. Press Release. https://trustpointinc.com/trust-point-launches-herpoint-a-new-community-for-women-and-wealth/ (accessed May 2026)
[3] Trust Point Inc.. (2025). Trust Point 2025 wrapped: a year of growth, collaboration and impact. Trust Point Inc.. https://trustpointinc.com/year-in-review/ (accessed May 2026)
[4] Trust Point Inc.. (2026). Our story. Trust Point Inc. — Who We Are. https://trustpointinc.com/who-we-are/our-story/ (accessed May 2026)
[5] Trust Point Inc.. (2026). What we do — wealth management. Trust Point Inc.. https://trustpointinc.com/what-we-do/wealth-management/ (accessed May 2026)
[6] Trust Point Inc.. (2026). Fiduciary responsibility. Trust Point Inc. — Our Approach. https://trustpointinc.com/who-we-are/our-approach/fiduciary-resp/ (accessed May 2026)
[7] Trust Point Inc.. (2026). Investment management at Trust Point: fiduciary wealth management. Trust Point Inc.. https://trustpointinc.com/investment-management-at-trust-point-fiduciary-wealth-management/ (accessed May 2026)
[8] Trust Point Inc.. (2026). La Crosse wealth management, trust administration and 401(k) services. Trust Point Inc.. https://trustpointinc.com/la-crosse-wealth-management/ (accessed May 2026)
[9] Trust Point Inc.. (2026). Emerj360 — certified financial professionals in La Crosse, WI. Emerj360.com. https://emerj360.com/(accessed May 2026)
[10] Trust Point Inc.. (2025). Trust Point Young Professionals wrap up 2025 with leadership and growth session. Trust Point Inc. News. https://trustpointinc.com/trust-point-young-professionals-wrap-up-2025-with-leadership-and-growth-session/ (accessed May 2026)
[11] Trust Point Inc.. (2026). News and insights. Trust Point Inc.. https://trustpointinc.com/news-insights/ (accessed May 2026)
[12] Trust Point Inc.. (2026). Trust Point magazine 2025. Trust Point Inc.. https://trustpointinc.com/trust-point-magazine/ (accessed May 2026)
[13] Trust Point Inc.. (2026). Trust Point homepage. Trust Point Inc.. https://trustpointinc.com/ (accessed May 2026)
Category 2: Regional and Trade Press
Newspaper articles, local business press, and trade publications covering Trust Point and the La Crosse regional economy.
[14] Daily, E.. (2013). Trust Point celebrates 100 years in business. La Crosse Tribune. https://lacrossetribune.com/business/local/trust-point-celebrates-years-in-business/article_77415468-e9b2-11e2-984e-001a4bcf887a.html (accessed May 2026)
[15] Financial Services Review. (2025). Trust Point: top wealth management services 2025. Financial Services Review. https://www.financialservicesreview.com/trust-point (accessed May 2026)
[16] La Crosse Area Chamber of Commerce. (2024). Trust Point Inc. member profile. La Crosse Area Chamber of Commerce Business Directory. https://business.lacrossechamber.com/list/Details/trust-point-inc-3231933 (accessed May 2026)
[17] La Crosse Area Community Foundation. (2024). Mission and history. La Crosse Area Community Foundation. https://www.lacrosseareafoundation.org/about-us/mission-history/ (accessed May 2026)
[18] The Silicon Review. (2019). Continuing a century of integrity, expertise, and dependability: Trust Point. The Silicon Review. https://thesiliconreview.com/magazine/profile/continuing-a-century-of-integrity-expertise-and-dependability-trust-point (accessed May 2026)
Category 3: Business Data and Company Profile Sources
Commercial databases, business intelligence platforms, and professional rating services providing firmographic, financial, and competitive data on Trust Point.
[19] Better Business Bureau. (2026). TrustPoint Investments — BBB business profile. BBB Serving Wisconsin. https://www.bbb.org/us/wi/la-crosse/profile/retirement-planning-services/trustpoint-investments-0694-44019095 (accessed May 2026)
[20] CB Insights. (2026). Trust Point — company profile. CB Insights. https://www.cbinsights.com/company/trust-point (accessed May 2026)
[21] GetLatka. (2025). How Trust Point hit $34.6M revenue with a 105-person team in 2025. GetLatka.com. https://getlatka.com/companies/trustpointinc.com (accessed May 2026)
[22] Holdings Channel. (2025). Trust Point Inc. AUM history. HoldingsChannel.com. https://www.holdingschannel.com/aum/trust-point-inc-aum/ (accessed May 2026)
[23] LeadIQ. (2026). Trust Point Inc. — company overview, contact details and competitors. LeadIQ. https://leadiq.com/c/trust-point-inc/5a1d84a224000024005f556c (accessed May 2026)
[24] LinkedIn. (2026). Trust Point Inc. — company page. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/company/trust-point-inc- (accessed May 2026)
[25] PitchBook. (2025). Trust Point — commitments and mandates. PitchBook. https://pitchbook.com/profiles/limited-partner/229102-66 (accessed May 2026)
[26] Tracxn. (2025). Trust Point — 2025 company profile and competitors. Tracxn. https://tracxn.com/d/companies/trust-point/__aY-ZSsriynZp8DgBfD6Vd7wcod_JYPpxPjFeC5yq8B0 (accessed May 2026)
[27] Yelp. (2026). Trust Point — La Crosse, Wisconsin. Yelp Business Directory. https://www.yelp.com/biz/trust-point-la-crosse(accessed May 2026)
[28] ZoomInfo. (2026). Trust Point — overview, news and similar companies. ZoomInfo. https://www.zoominfo.com/c/trust-point-inc/353649673 (accessed May 2026)
Category 4: Industry and Market Research
Reports, analyses, and commentary from financial services research organisations, investment banks, management consultancies, and industry publications on the wealth management and independent trust company sectors.
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[30] Capgemini. (2025). Top 10 wealth management industry trends and insights 2025. Capgemini Research Institute. https://www.capgemini.com/insights/research-library/wealth-management-top-trends-2025/ (accessed May 2026)
[31] Cerulli Associates. (2025). Fee compression and rising service demands cause advisors to adjust pricing structure. Cerulli Associates Press Release. https://www.cerulli.com/press-releases/fee-compression-and-rising-service-demands-cause-advisors-to-adjust-pricing-structure (accessed May 2026)
[32] Celent. (2025). WealthTech trends in 2025: AI, partnerships, and strategic fintech moves. Celent. https://www.celent.com/en/insights/wealth-tech-trends-in-2025-ai-partnerships-and-strategic-fintech-moves (accessed May 2026)
[33] Condor Capital Wealth Management. (2025). The future of robo advisors — Q1 2025. The Robo Report. https://www.condorcapital.com/the-robo-report/reports/the-future-of-robo-advisors-q1-2025/ (accessed May 2026)
[34] Davies Wealth Management. (2025). Are you prepared for the great wealth transfer? [2025 update]. Davies Wealth Management. https://tdwealth.net/are-you-prepared-for-the-great-wealth-transfer-2025-update/ (accessed May 2026)
[35] DigitalDefynd. (2024). The rise of robo-advisors in wealth management: should you be worried? [2025]. DigitalDefynd. https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/the-rise-of-robo-advisors-in-wealth-management/ (accessed May 2026)
[36] Empaxis. (2025). Wealth management trends 2025. Empaxis. https://www.empaxis.com/blog/wealth-management-trends(accessed May 2026)
[37] Envestnet. (2026). Trends facing RIAs in 2025. Envestnet. https://www.envestnet.com/financial-intel/trends-facing-rias-2025(accessed May 2026)
[38] ETNASoft. (2025). Robo-advisors: key pros and cons for wealth management. ETNASoft. https://www.etnasoft.com/pros-and-cons-of-robo-advisors-a-strategic-analysis-for-broker-dealers-and-wealth-management-professionals/ (accessed May 2026)
[39] Hanover Search. (2026). What is the outlook for the US wealth management market?. Hanover Search. https://www.hanoversearch.com/en-us/blog/what-is-the-outlook-for-us-wealth-management-market/ (accessed May 2026)
[40] Integrated Financial Group. (2025). The great wealth transfer 2025: building multigenerational relationships. Integrated Financial Group. https://integrated-financial-group.com/resources/the-great-wealth-transfer-2025-building-multigenerational-relationships/ (accessed May 2026)
[41] InvestmentNews. (2025). More than three-quarters of advisors to embrace fee models by 2026, Cerulli says. InvestmentNews. https://www.investmentnews.com/practice-management/more-than-three-quarters-of-advisors-to-embrace-fee-models-by-2026-cerulli-says/259740 (accessed May 2026)
[42] InvestSuite. (2025). Current expectations in wealth management: 2024–2025 insights. InvestSuite. https://www.investsuite.com/insights/blogs/current-expectations-in-wealth-management-2024-2025-insights (accessed May 2026)
[43] InvestSuite. (2025). Wealth management trends 2025: insights from leading consultancy reports. InvestSuite. https://www.investsuite.com/insights/blogs/wealth-management-trends-2025-insights-from-leading-consultancy-reports (accessed May 2026)
[44] Libertify. (2026). World wealth report 2025: great wealth transfer. Libertify Interactive Library. https://www.libertify.com/interactive-library/world-wealth-report-2025-great-wealth-transfer/ (accessed May 2026)
[45] Ma, J.. (2025). The $124 trillion great wealth transfer is intensifying as inheritance jumps to a new record. Fortune. https://fortune.com/2025/12/06/great-wealth-transfer-inheritance-gen-z-millennials-boomers-entrepreneurs-self-made-billionaires(accessed May 2026)
[46] McKinsey & Company. (2024). US wealth management: amid market turbulence, an industry converges. McKinsey & Company Financial Services. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/us-wealth-management-amid-market-turbulence-an-industry-converges (accessed May 2026)
[47] Mercer Capital. (2024). Independent trust company trends. Mercer Capital RIA Valuation Insights Blog. https://mercercapital.com/insights/blogs/ria-valuation-insights-blog/2024/independent-trust-company-trends/ (accessed May 2026)
[48] Mercer Capital. (2025). Independent trust company trends in 2025. Mercer Capital. https://mercercapital.com/independent-trust-company-trends-in-2025/ (accessed May 2026)
[49] Mercer Capital. (2025). The growing appeal of independent trust companies. Mercer Capital. https://mercercapital.com/the-growing-appeal-of-independent-trust-companies (accessed May 2026)
[50] Michigan Journal of Economics. (2025). The great wealth transfer and its implications for the American economy. Michigan Journal of Economics. https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/mje/2025/04/03/the-great-wealth-transfer-and-its-implications-for-the-american-economy/ (accessed May 2026)
[51] Morgan Stanley. (2025). Asset and wealth management M&A surge in a race to relevance. Morgan Stanley Insights. https://www.morganstanley.com/insights/articles/asset-wealth-management-m-and-a-rapid-acceleration (accessed May 2026)
[52] Rodrigues, J.M. / Oliver Wyman (via Yahoo Finance). (2025). Q&A: defining themes in private banking over the past year. Yahoo Finance / Oliver Wyman. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/q-oliver-wyman-162731476.html (accessed May 2026)
[53] Schwab Advisor Services. (2025). 2025 RIA benchmarking study. Charles Schwab. https://advisorservices.schwab.com/insights-hub/perspectives/ria-benchmarking-study-2025 (accessed May 2026)
[54] Sharesight. (2024). Top 4 challenges advisors face in the great wealth transfer. Sharesight Blog. https://www.sharesight.com/blog/challenges-in-the-great-wealth-transfer/ (accessed May 2026)
[55] Sonnen, M.. (2024). Fee compression hasn't played out, but margin compression is real. Wealth Management. https://www.wealthmanagement.com/business-planning/fee-compression-hasn-t-played-out-margin-compression-real (accessed May 2026)
[56] Strauss, C.. (2025). Cerulli: fee compression coming for financial advisors. Financial Planning. https://www.financial-planning.com/news/cerulli-fee-compression-coming-for-financial-advisors (accessed May 2026)
[57] Wachtel, L.. (2025). Schwab survey reports surging RIA growth, but capacity challenges emerge. Wealth Management. https://www.wealthmanagement.com/ria-news/schwab-reports-overall-growth-for-rias-with-capacity-issues-emerging (accessed May 2026)
[58] Wealth Management. (2025). The word on WealthTech for May 2025. Wealth Management. https://www.wealthmanagement.com/financial-technology/the-word-on-wealthtech-for-may-2025 (accessed May 2026)
[59] Wealth Management. (2025). The word on WealthTech for November 2025. Wealth Management. https://www.wealthmanagement.com/financial-technology/the-word-on-wealthtech-for-november-2025 (accessed May 2026)
[60] Wikipedia. (2025). Great wealth transfer. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wealth_Transfer (accessed May 2026)
Category 5: Emerging Technology and AI in Wealth Management
Sources specifically addressing artificial intelligence, robo-advisory, and technology disruption in the financial services and wealth management industries.
[61] Data Insights Market. (2025). Robo-advisor decoded: comprehensive analysis and forecasts 2025–2033. Data Insights Market. https://www.datainsightsmarket.com/reports/robo-advisor-494486 (accessed May 2026)
[62] ETNA Software. (2025). Pros and cons of robo-advisors: a strategic analysis for broker-dealers and wealth management professionals. ETNASoft. https://www.etnasoft.com/pros-and-cons-of-robo-advisors-a-strategic-analysis-for-broker-dealers-and-wealth-management-professionals/ (accessed May 2026)
[63] IJERT. (2025). Robo-advisory future prospect in the financial market of wealth management. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 14, Issue 03. https://www.ijert.org/robo-advisory-future-prospect-in-the-financial-market-of-wealth-management (accessed May 2026)
[64] Kavita, S. and Verma, V.. (2025). Robo-advisory future prospect in the financial market of wealth management. IJERT Volume 14, Issue 03. https://www.ijert.org/robo-advisory-future-prospect-in-the-financial-market-of-wealth-management (accessed May 2026)
[65] Lex (Substack). (2026). AI: from robo advisors to AI wealthtech industry replacement. Lex Substack. https://lex.substack.com/p/ai-the-day-a-60-wealth-management (accessed May 2026)
[66] MDPI Sustainability. (2023). The adoption of robo-advisory among millennials in the 21st century: trust, usability and knowledge perception. MDPI Sustainability 15(7), 6016. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/7/6016 (accessed May 2026)
Category 6: Historical and Community Sources
Sources pertaining to the history of La Crosse, Wisconsin; local banking history; and archival resources relevant to Trust Point's founding context.
[67] Batavian Building (La Crosse). (n.d.). History of the Batavian Building and Batavian Bank. Batavian Building La Crosse. http://batavianbuilding.com/history.html (accessed May 2026)
[68] La Crosse History.org. (n.d.). Biographies — La Crosse History. La Crosse History Digital Collections. https://lacrossehistory.org/collections/formats/biographies (accessed May 2026)
[69] La Crosse History.org. (n.d.). General histories — La Crosse History. La Crosse History Digital Collections. https://lacrossehistory.org/collections/general-histories (accessed May 2026)
[70] La Crosse History.org. (n.d.). Browse all titles — La Crosse History. La Crosse History Digital Collections. https://lacrossehistory.org/collections/browse-titles (accessed May 2026)
[71] Murphy Library Digital Collections, UW–La Crosse. (n.d.). History of La Crosse County, Wisconsin. UW–La Crosse Digital Collections. https://digitalcollections.uwlax.edu/ (accessed May 2026)
[72] SPMC Bank Note History Project. (n.d.). Batavian National Bank, La Crosse, WI (Charter 7347). Bank Note History. https://banknotehistory.spmc.org/wiki/Batavian_National_Bank,_La_Crosse,_WI_(Charter_7347) (accessed May 2026)
[73] Wisconsin Historical Society. (2012). La Crosse was village at time of bank founding. Wisconsin Historical Society Newspaper Archive. https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Newspaper/BA7199 (accessed May 2026)




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